Every dog ages differently, but most are considered “senior” from around seven years old, depending on their size and breed. Larger breeds tend to show signs of ageing sooner, while smaller breeds often stay youthful for longer.

The early signs of ageing can be subtle. You might notice your dog taking longer to get up after a nap, sleeping more during the day, or losing interest in long walks. Their muzzle may turn grey, their eyes may appear cloudy, and their hearing might not be as sharp. Behaviourally, senior dogs can become more anxious or clingy, preferring calm environments over busy ones.

Recognising these shifts early is essential. A dog that’s slowing down isn’t simply “getting old”; they may be experiencing discomfort, stiffness, or early signs of disease. Routine veterinary check-ups help ensure these changes are managed proactively.

As dogs age, their metabolism naturally slows. They need fewer calories but still require high-quality nutrients to maintain muscle, joint, and organ health. Weight management is crucial! Extra pounds put strain on ageing joints and can worsen conditions such as arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes.

Speak to your vet about switching to a senior-specific dog food formulated with optimal protein levels, joint-supporting nutrients, and lower fat content. For dogs struggling with digestion or appetite, lightly cooked or softened foods can make mealtimes easier.

Supplements can also play a key role. Joint support chews containing glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM, or omega-3-rich salmon oil, can help maintain flexibility and reduce inflammation. Always introduce any new supplement gradually and under veterinary guidance.

Regular exercise remains essential for older dogs, but it should be low-impact, consistent, and tailored to their ability. Gentle daily walks help maintain muscle tone, joint lubrication, and mental well-being. Avoid intense running, jumping, or slippery surfaces that could cause injury.

Instead of long, exhausting walks, try several short strolls throughout the day. Let your dog set the pace and encourage sniffing: it’s not only physically enriching but also mentally stimulating. Swimming is another excellent low-impact activity for maintaining mobility and cardiovascular fitness.

If your dog has arthritis or stiffness, speak with your vet about joint medications, physiotherapy, or hydrotherapy. Simple at-home measures, such as providing a warm bed, non-slip mats, and raised feeding bowls, can make movement easier and reduce strain on ageing joints.

Creating a senior-friendly home environment is one of the kindest things you can do for your older dog. Their comfort and confidence depend on accessibility and security.

Start by ensuring your dog’s bed is soft, supportive, and placed in a warm, quiet area away from draughts. Orthopaedic or memory foam beds can ease pressure on joints. Consider adding ramps or pet steps to help them reach sofas or cars safely, and ensure flooring is slip-resistant (rugs and mats work well on hard surfaces).

Keep food and water bowls in easily accessible spots, ideally at a comfortable height for your dog’s neck. Maintain a stable home temperature, as older dogs are less able to regulate body heat. During colder months, an extra blanket or low-level heating pad (specifically designed for pets) can make a big difference.

Finally, stick to consistent routines. Older dogs thrive on predictability: regular mealtimes, walk times, and quiet rest periods help them feel secure and reduce stress.

Once your dog enters their senior years, regular vet visits become even more important. Annual health checks (or bi-annual for older or at-risk dogs) can detect hidden conditions early. Many practices offer senior wellness clinics, which include blood tests, dental assessments, and mobility evaluations.

Continue routine vaccinations and flea and worm prevention, and discuss any behavioural or appetite changes with your vet. A small shift, like drinking more water or eating less, can sometimes be the first clue of an underlying problem.

Keep a simple health diary at home to note appetite, energy, bathroom habits, and any stiffness or discomfort. These notes can be invaluable for your vet when tailoring care.

Ageing affects not only a dog’s body but also their emotions and cognitive function. Some older dogs become more affectionate, while others prefer quiet companionship. They may develop anxiety if left alone or startled by sudden noises.

Patience is key. Maintain a calm household, keep routines predictable, and provide gentle enrichment like puzzle feeders or scent games. Continue training gently; older dogs can still learn, but short, positive sessions work best.

Don’t forget emotional care: senior dogs cherish time with their humans more than ever. Extra cuddles, gentle grooming, and a reassuring voice go a long way towards maintaining confidence and happiness.

Caring for an older dog is one of the most rewarding parts of pet ownership. Their needs may be different, but your companionship and care mean more than ever. Focus on maintaining comfort, mobility, and emotional well-being through balanced nutrition, gentle exercise, regular vet care, and a calm, loving home environment.

With the proper attention, your older dog can enjoy their later years with the same joy, loyalty, and love they’ve always given you.

For more expert-led advice, visit our Dog Health series!